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3 She'ets-Sheet 1.

G. B. HEAD & J. A. KAYLOR.

(No Model.)

GAS FURNAGE.

' No. 339,648. PatentdApr. 13, 1886.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Apr. 13, 1886.

GAS FURNACE.

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U. B." HEAD 85 J. A. KAYLOR.

(No Model.)

Patented Apr. 13, 1886.

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W111] E55 E5- CHARLES B. HEAD AND JOSEPH A.

PATE'r ranch.

KAYLOR, OF ALLEGHENY CITY, PA.

GAS=-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 339,648, dated April 13, 1886.

Application filed September 21, 1585. Serial No. 177,666. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES E. HEAD and J OSEPH A. KAYLOR, of Allegheny City, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful 1m provement in Gas-Furnaces; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

Our invention relates to an improvement in gas-fnrnaces, and is designed especially for use in heating bolt-blanks and similar articles. XVe will describe its construction and mode of operation by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of the furnace, the pipes and other parts hidden by the masonry being shown in dotted lines. Fig. 2, 3, and are perspective views of parts. Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 3/ y of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a horizontal cross-section on the line of Fig. 5. Fig. 6 is a plan view of a modification of the tile 1, shown in Fig. 2. Fig. '7 is a perspective view of a modification.

Like letters and figures of reference indicate like parts.

In the drawings, 2 represents the body of our improved furnace, which is preferably made of solid masonry, in the form of an oblong rcctangle,.closcd at the top, bottom, and sides, and with afront recessed inwardly, thus providing an open heating-chamber, 3, which is used for heating the bolt-blanks. The bottom or floor of this chamber is formed by a fiat tile, 1:, set horizontally and perforated by a series of transverse slots or holes, 5, (see Figs. 2 and 6%) which extend through the body of the tile. The back of the chamber is formed by a tile, 6, which is provided with a series of transverse slots or holes, 7, extending in depth through the body of the tile, and in length from the lower edge thereof for a suitable distance toward its median line. The tile 6 is set vertically and lengthwise on the horizontal tile 1, but so that the slots 5 shall project behind the tile 6, and shall communicate with a small passage or space, 32, formed in the masonry of the furnace behind the latter tile, the lower open ends of the slots '7 alternating with the inner parts of the slots 5. The two opposite sides of the heating-chamber 8 are formed by tiles 8, set vertically upon the l ends of the tile 4-, and having vertical slots 9, whose open lower ends sit upon and communicate with parts of the slots 5.

Above the tiles 6 and 8 are courses of brick 10, surmounted by an open rectangular casing or shell, 11. These together form the whole of the heatingchamher.

As shown in the drawings, the chamber is preferably quite narrow, but is of considerable height and length. The floor 4 and walls 6 and S of the chamber 3 need not be made of single tiles, as shown, but may be built of bricks set so as to leave spaces corresponding to the perforations 5, 7, and 9.

Underneath the tile 4 is a combustion flue or chamber, 12, which communicates with the several transverse slots 5, and at the bottom of this flue, and extending from end to end of the furnace, is a horizontal pipe or burner, 13, whose upper surface is provided with a longitudinal slot or perforations, 1i, opening into the combustion-flue 12, for the exit of the gases thereinto. The combustioirchamber 12 is preferably made quite small, and sloping from its front to the rear end, to prevent unnecessary cxpansion of the gases.

At each end of the pipe 13, prcfcrabl y outside of the body of thc'furnace, is a braucl'i of a vertical gas-supply pipe, 15. These branches than it, and both communicate with a common gas-supply, 16, which is provided with a cock, 17, for opening or shutting off the supply of gas. A cold-air pipe, 18, which extends underneath the furnace, or far enough from the heated portions thereof to be little affected by the heat, has branches 18", which enter the burner-pipe 13 at about the adit of the gas-pipe 15.

Just back of the pipe 13, and parallel therewith, is an air-pipe, 19, whose forward side is slit or perforated by holes which enter the combustion-flue 12 and are directed toward the exit-slot 1d of the burner 13. The pipe 19 is preferably set within the combustion-chamber 12, as shown in Fig. 5. It is connected with an air-supply pipe, 20, by two systems of pipes, one of which leads to it in a substantially direct course, while the other pursnesa tortuous course through heated portions of the furnace. By passing the air through the first System of connecting pipes it is discharged open into the pipe 13, are of less diameter IOC from the pipe 19 in a comparatively cold condition, while if the second be used it is heated to an intense degree. We will describe the latter connecting-pipes first. Abranch pipe, 21, leads upward from the pipe 20 at a point outside of the furnace, and re-enters the furnace at the top, into which it descends and opens into a transverse pipe, 22, which is built into the masonry on top of the rear portion of the surface of the tile 4, and back of the vertical tile 6. It is preferably separated from the latter by a solid tile, 23. The ends of the pipe 22 communicate with connecting pipes 24, which lead backward to the rear of the furnace, preferably outside of its walls, and open into a horizontal branch pipe, 25, through a common connecting-pipe, 26.

In the drawings we have shown the pipes 25 and 26 back of the furnace on the outside. The ends of the pipe 25 open into pipes 28, which lead directly into the ends of the discharge pipe 19. The supply-pipe 20, from which the branch 21 leads, also opens into the pipe 25, and is provided with a cock, 29, between the points of adit into the pipes 21 and 25. The connecting-pipe 26 has also a cook, 27, situate in an accessible place, preferably at the back of the furnace. If, now, the valve 29 be closed and the valve 27 opened, the air from the pipe 20 will pass in succession through the pipes 21, 22, 24, 26, 25, and 28 into the discharge-pipe 19, whence it will enter the combustion-chamber 12.

Y The pipe 22 is in avery hot part of the furnace and heats the passing air to a high temperature. It is preferably made of larger diameter than the other pipes of the system, so as to present a greater heating-surface, and to retard the passage of air through it. If the valve 27 be closed and the valve 29 opened, the air from the supply-pipe 20 will be prevented from entering the pipe 19 through the pipes 21 and 22, but will pass in a direct course, and in a comparatively cold state, through the pipes 25 and 28 into 19. In this way either cold or hot air may be fed to the combustionflue 12 by a simple manipulation of the cocks 27 and 29.- The air is fed into both the supply-pipes 18 and 20 in a blast by means of a fan or other convenient blowing-engine.

Thus constructed the furnace operates as follows: The mingled air and gas escaping through the slot 14 from the burner-pipe 13 is ignited, and, meeting with the hot or cold air from the pipe 19, fills the combustion-flue 12 with burning fuel. A part of the flame and heated products of combustion escapes thence through the perforations in the tile 4 and enter the bottom of the heating-chamber 3,while the remainder, also traversing these perforations and a space, 32, back of the tile 6, enters the back and sides of the lower part of the heating-chamber through the slots 7 and 9. The bolt-blanks are heaped on the tile 4 in a pile from the bottom of the chamber 3 to or nearly to its top, and the lower strata of the pile, which are opposite to the slots 5, 7, and

9, and againstwhich the entering flame is directed, soon become very hot. As they are needed, the lowest blanks are removed and taken to the bolt-machine, while the upper and partially-heated blanks sink down to take their places, and fresh blanks are from time to timeadded to the top of the heap, as desired.

31 represents a shelf situate in front of the heating-chamber, designed to facilitate the removal and heating of the bolt-blanks.

As will be evident to one skilled in the art, the proportions of air and gas used in this furnance and their relative degrees of heat may be nicely regulated by the use of the cocks 27 and 29. The gas escaping from the burner 13 is always more or less heated by reason of the proximity of the latter to the combustionchamber, especially so when the burner is made of relatively-large diameter, as shown in thedrawings. If natural gas is usedin the furnace,a considerable amount of air should be allowed to enter the burner through the pipe 18, so as to prevent the gas alone from being very highly heated, while the air introduced into the combustion-chamber should be fed through the hot-blast pipes 21 and 22, before described. If desired, the'supply of air to the burner through the pipe 18 may be entirely cut off by means of a cock, 30. This is often desirable when manufactured gas is used as a fuel.

An additional advantage of making the burner-pipe 13 of relatively-large diameter is that it may afford a mixingchamber in which the air and gas are mingled before they enter the combustionchamber.' Their combustion is thereby bettered.

The advantage of setting the slots 7 and 5 in the tiles 6 and 4 so as to alternate with each other, as shown in the drawings, is that the escaping burning gas may be directed upon the whole of the lower part of the heatingchamber. I do not, however, desire to limit myself to this specific arrangement, although it is preferable.

The modification illustrated in Fig. 7 is the same in its structure as the furnace hereinbefore described. It differs only in the arrangement of the heating-chamber 3,which, instead of being open, is closed by a vertical tile or wall, d, set across it parallel with the back tile, 6, and in front of the horizontal tile 4. It is surmounted by a horizontal cover-tile, e, which extends across the chamber, abutting against the back and side walls thereof. These tiles are shown broken away for the purpose of illustration. Opposite holes, f, are made through the side walls of the chamber for passage of a rod or bar, 9, which, when inserted thereinto, lies opposite to the fire holes or perforations in the tiles 4 and 6, and is therefore exposed to a great heat, which is intensified by the fact that the heating-chamber is closed. The heat is so intense that the bar 9 may be drawn through the chamber continuously and still be heated to a welding-heat, so that this style of furnace is of great use in connection with t the purposes described.

spike or bolt machines, link-machines, and other apparatus in which E a heated bar is fed into them for conversion into the desired articles of manufacture. lVhen used for these purposes, the furnace may conveniently be set opposite to the feeding mechanism, so that the rod may be drawn thereby through the furnace into the machine.

In Fig. 7, It represents a hole or line at one end of the closed heating-chamber 3, designed for the escape of the consumed products of combustion therefrom.

Constructed as thus described the furnace has many advantages. Itis economical, cheap in construction, easy of operation, and is the best heating furnace of the class which is known to us.

lVe have designed our furnace primarily for use in heating bolt-blanks, bars, and similar articles prior to their being headed or otherwise treated by machinery. We do not, however, desire to limit its use to this class of articles; but

\Vhat we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a heating -l'urnace for heating boltblanks, bars, or other articles, the combination of a combustionchamber, 12, gas and air supply pipes discharging into the combustionchamber, a heating-chamber adjoining the combustion-ehamber, a floor, 4, and a back wall, 6, which separate the heating-chamber from the co mhusti oil-chamber, and are perforated to permit passage ol'thc flame and heated products of combustion from the latter chamber into the lower part of theheating-chamber,substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. In a heatingfurnace for heating boltblanks, bars, and other articles, the combination of a combustioil-chamber, 12, gas and air supply pipes discharging into the combustionchamber, a heating-chamber adjoining the combustion'ehamber, and a door, 4, a back wall, 6, and side walls, 8, which separate the heating-chamber from the combustion-chamber, and are perforated to permit passage of the flame and heated products of combustion from the latter chamber into the lower part of the heating-chamber, substantially as and for 3. lhe combination of a combustion-chamher, 12, an adjacent heating-chamber, 3, communicating therewith and receiving burninggases there from, a gas-burner pipe discharging into the combustion chamber, a gas-supply pipe communicating with the gas'burner, an air-pipe, 19, discharging into the combustion chamber, an air-supply pipe communicating with the pipe 19 through two systems of pipes, one of which traverses a highly-heated part of the furnace-body, while the other enters the pipe 19 in a course less allected by the heat, and valves or cooks for causing the air to traverse either of the two systems, substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. The combination of a combustion-chamher, 12, an adjacent heating-chamber, 3, comlnunicating therewith and receiving burninggases therefrom, a gas-burner pipe discharging into the combustion-chamber, a gas-supply pipe communicating with the gas-burner, an air-pipe, 19, discharging into the combustionchamber, an airsupply pipe communicating with the pipe 19 through two systems of pipes, one of which traverses ahighly-heated part of the furnace-body, while the other enters the pipe 19 in a course lessaffected by the heat, valves or cooks for causing the air to traverse either of the two systems, and an air-supplypipe entering the said gas-burner pipe,substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. In a furnace for heating bolt-blanks, bars, and like articles, the combination of a combustion chamber, 12, an adjacent heatingchamber, 3, communicating therewith and receiving burning-gases therefrom, agas-burner pipe discharging into the combustion-chamher, gas and air supplypipes discharging into the gas-burner pipe, and an air-pipe, 19, discharging into the combustion-chamber, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

6. In a heating-furnace for heating boltblanks, bars, and like articles, the combination of a combustion-chamber, 12, gas and air pipes discharging into the combustion-chamber, a heating-chamber adjoining the combustionchamber, a floor, 4, and a back wall, 6, which separate the heating-chamber from the combastion-chamber, said heating-chamber communicating at its lower part with the combustion-chamber, so as to permit the passage of the flame and heated products of combustion from the combustion-chamber into the lower part of the heating-chamber, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands this 1st day of September, A, D. 1885.

CHARLES B. HEAD. JOSEPH A, KAYLOR Witnesses:

W. B. Conwnz, THOMAS XV. BAKEWELL. 

